Peru has a diverse geography, from the Pacific Ocean bordering the long desert coast to the Andean mountains and the rainforest. Because of this wide geographical range and different altitudes and climates, animals have adapted and survived in this environment.

Peru is home to more than 500 species of mammals, of which 70 are endemic and close to 100 are threatened, vulnerable or endangered.

The following is a list of mammals found in the Peruvian territory but not exclusively.

Mammal	Scientific Name	Description	IUCN Status:
Anderson's Mouse Opossum	Marmosa andersoni	Nocturnal and inhabits moist areas of forest in the eastern slopes of the Andes.	Critically Endangered
Bishop's Slender Mouse Opossum	Marmosa bishopi	Small, arboreal marsupial opossum native to Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia
White-eared Opossum -	Didelphis albiventris	Terrestrial and arboreal animal.
Emilia's Short-tailed Opossum	Monodelphis emiliae		Vulnerable
Giant Armadillo	Priodones maximus	Largest living species of armadillo.	Endangered, vulnerable to extinction.
Nine-banded Armadillo -	Dasypus novemcinctus	It the most widespread of the armadillos
Hairy Long-nosed Armadillo	Dasypus pilosus	Endemic to Peru. Its habitat are subtropical or tropical lowland forests and montanes.	Vulnerable
Giant Anteater	Myrmecophaga tridactyla	The largest species of anteater.	Vulnerable
Southern Tamandua or Lesser Anteater	Tamandua tetradactyla	It is a solitary animal found in grasslands, deciduous forests and rainforests.
Silky Anteater	Cyclopes didactylus	It is the smallest member of the anteaters
Southern or Linnaeus's two-toed sloth	Choloepus didactylus	It is a solitary, nocturnal and arboreal animal, found in rainforests.
Pygmy Marmoset or Dwarf Monkey	Cebuella pygmaea	One of the world's smallest primates
Goeldi's Marmoset or Goeldi's Monkey	Callimico goeldi	It lives in the upper Amazon Basin	Vulnerable
Mantled Howler Monkey	Alouatta palliata	One of the largest Amazonian new world monkeys
Red Howler Monkey	Alouatta seniculus	These New world monkeys are native to South and Central American forests.
Black-headed Night Monkey	Aotus nigriceps	New world monkey found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru.
Spix's Night (Owl) Monkey	Aotus vociferans	They are the only truly nocturnal n ew world monkeys.
Andean Night Monkey	Aotus miconax	Endemic to Peru	Vulnerable
Dusky Titi Monkey	Callicebus moloch	New world monkey that lives in monogamous pairs and babies are carried by the male.
Yellow-handed Titi Monkey	Callicebus lucifer	New world monkey found in east of the Andes of western Amazon Basin
Andean Titi Monkey	Callicebus oenanthe	This species of new world monkey is endemic of Peru and only found in the upper Rio Mayo valley in the department of San Martin.	Vulnerable
Common Squirrel Monkey	Samiri sciureus	It is found primarily in the Amazon Basin. All squirrel monkeys are diurnal and arboreal.
Black-capped Squirrel Monkey	Saimiri boliviensis	It is a South American squirrel monkey, found in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru.
Brown Capuchin Monkey	Cebus apella	Their habitat includes Central America and South America as far south as northern Argentina.	Vulnerable
White-Fronted Capuchin Monkey-	Cebus albifrons	This primate is a medium-sized monkey with a light brown back and a creamy white underside	Vulnerable
Common Woolly Monkey	Lagothrix lagotricha	It lives in groups of 2 to 70 individuals
Gray Woolly Monkey	Lagothrix cana	They are frugivorous, feeding mainly on fruit.	Vulnerable
Silvery Woolly Monkey	Lagothrix poeppigii	It is found in Brazil, Ecuador and Peru.	Vulnerable
Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey -	Oreonax flavicauda	Endemic to Peru. It is a rare primate species found only in the Peruvian Andes, in the departments of Amazonas and San Martin as well as bordering areas	Critically Endangered
Peruvian Spider Monkey -	Ateles chamek	Subspecies of black spider monkey that lives not only in Peru, but also in Brazil and Bolivia.
White-bellied Spider Monkey -	Ateles belzebuth	These monkeys are known to inhabit tropical and sub-tropical lowland and piedmont areas in Brasil, Colombia, Equador and Peru.	Vulnerable
Rio Tapajós Saki	Pithecia irrorata	It is a species of saki monkey, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru.
Monk Saki	Pithecia monhachus	It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. It can grow up to be 37–48 cm long and weigh about 1.5-3 kilograms, approximately the same as a large rabbit.
Red Uakari	Cacajao calvus	is a medium-sized monkey weighing about 4 kg (9 lb)	Near Threatened (IUCN 2004)
Sechuran Fox (Zorro)	Pseudalopex sechurae	The population is estimated to number fewer than 15,000 mature individuals	Near Threatened
Culpeo (Andean Fox)	Pseudalopex culpaeus	The Culpeo is distributed from the Andes and hilly regions of South America, ranging down to the Pacific shoreline in the desert of northern Chile.
Bush Dog	Speothos venaticus	The population is estimated to number fewer than 15,000 mature individuals,	Vulnerable
Short-eared Dog	Atelocynus microtis	They favour undisturbed rainforest in the Amazonian lowlands.	Declining
Maned Wolf	Chrysocyon brachyurus	It is the largest canid of South America, resembling a large fox with reddish fur.	near threatened
Jaguar	Felis onca	A large spotted feline of tropical America
Puma	Felis concolor	Also known as the southern South American puma
Jaguarundi	Felis yagouaroundi	The jaguarundi is found from southern Texas and coastal Mexico in the north, through central and south America east of the Andes, and as far south as northern Argentina.
Margay	Leopardus wiedii	Very little is known of the margay’s status and abundance across its range. The Amazon Basin is its stronghold.
Ocelot	Leopardus pardalis	The ocelot is the best known small cat of the Americas, as far as the public is concerned, largely because of the beauty of its coat.
Andean cat	Oreailurus jacobita	It is a small wild cat. It is one of only two felids for which no subspecies have been classically described. There are none in captivity.	Endangered
Pampas Cat	Oncifelis colocolo	It is a small wild cats that makes its home in the South American countries of Ecuador, Brazil, Chile and Argentina
Greater Grison	Galictis vittata	It belongs to the ferret family Mustelidaeusually seen near rivers and streams.
South American Coatimundi	Nasua nasua	This species is an occupant of forested habitat.
Kinkajou	Potos flavus	It is also known as the honey bear and lives in the rain forest.
Olingo	Bassaricyon gabbii	Typically found from Nicaragua to Bolivia, where it is locally abundant and it is sparsely distributed in the western Amazon basin.
Tayra	Eira barbara	The tayra is a weasel about the size of a medium sized dog.
Long-tailed Weasel	Mustela frenata	The long-tailed weasel lives in a wide-variety of habitats including woodlands, thickets, open areas and farmland. It usually lives near a water source.
Tropical Weasel	Mulstela africana	Despite its scientific name, it is not found in Africa. It lives in the Amazon Rainforest in South America.
Neotropical Otter	Lontra longicaudis	Its habitat includes warm and cool climate rainforests, and coastal savanna swamps.	endangered species
Giant Otter	Pteronura brasiliensis	It is the longest member of the Mustelidae, or weasel family,found in the lakes, rivers, creeks and swamps of South America.	endangered species
Striped Hog-nosed Skunk	Conepatus semistriatus	It lives in a wide range of habitats including dry forest scrub and occasionally, in rainforest.
Spectacled Bear	Tremarctos ornatus	It is also known as the Andean Bear and are the only surviving species of bear native to South America.	Vulnerable
Pink River Dolphin or Boto	Inia geoffrensis	It is a freshwater river dolphin endemic to the Orinoco and the Amazon Rivers.	Vulnerable
Grey River Dolphin	Sotalia fluviatilis	It is a fresh water dolphin found in the rivers of the Amazon Basin.
North Amazon Red Squirrel	Sciurus igniventris	This species inhabits the lowland forests of the Amazon.
South Amazon Red Squirrel	Sciurus spadiceus	Squirrel species from South America. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
Bolivian Squirrel	Sciurus ignitus	Tree squirrel species endemic to South America. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Peru up to 2,600 metres (8,500 ft) in the Andes region.
Paca	Agouti paca	Pacas primarily live in tropical rainforests but are also found in a wide variety of forest habitats, including mangrove swamps, deciduous and semi-deciduous forest, dense upland scrub, and narrow growth along river banks.
Northern Viscacha	Lagidium peruanum	Their habitat are found in Chile and Peru, at elevations from 300 to 5000 m.
Mountain paca	Agouti taczanowskii	Small burrow-dwelling rodent whose habitats are high altitude South American forests.
Brown Agouti	Dasyprocta variegata	Rodent scavenger that lives on the ground of dense rain forests. This small-eared animal feeds on fruits, leaves, and roots.
Kalinowski Agouti	Dasyprocta kalinowskii	Rodent in the Dasyproctidae family. It is endemic to Peru. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Pacarana	Dinomys branickii	Rare and slow-moving nocturnal rodent found only in tropical forests of the western Amazon River basin and adjacent foothills of the Andes Mountains	Endangered
Capybara	Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris	Largest living rodent in the world.
Southern Viscacha	Lagidium viscacia	Rodent in the Chinchillidae family. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru.
Northern Viscacha	Lagidium peruanum	Rodent in the family Chinchillidae.[2] It is known from Chile and Peru, at elevations from 300 to 5000 m, and may also be present in Bolivia
Short-tailed Chinchilla	Chinchilla brevicaudata	Their original range included the Andes Mountains of Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Bolivia. The rodents were exploited for their luxurious fur, causing their numbers to dwindle greatly.	Critical
Amazon Bamboo-Rat	Dactylomys dactylinus	Rodent found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
Yellow-crowned Brush Rat	Isothrix bistriata	They are nocturnal and arboreal animals found in lowland evergreen rainforest
Bare-tailed Tree Rat	Makalata occasius	rodent in the Echimyidae family. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.	Critically endangered
Mountain tapir	Tapirus pinchaque	It is the smallest of the four species of tapir and is the only one to live outside of tropical rainforests in the wild.	Endangered
Lowland tapir	Tapirus terrestris	It is the second largest land mammal in South America, after Baird's Tapir.
Collared Peccary	Tayassu tajacu	In South and Central America, the Collared Peccary inhabits tropical rainforests.
White-lipped Peccary -	Tayassu pecari	They are distributed from southern Mexico south to Ecuador, and from the Entre Rios in Argentina to the Pacific coast of South America
Vicuña -	Vicugna vicugna	It is one of two wild South American camelids, along with the guanaco, which live in the high alpine areas of the Andes.
Guanaco -	Lama guanicoe	Camelid native to South America
Marsh Deer	Blastocerus dichotomus	It is the largest South American deer, its habitat ranges from savanna patches along the southern margins of Amazonian Peru and Brazil south through northeastern Argentina.	Vulnerable
White-tailed Deer	Odocoileus virginianus	Medium-sized deer native to the United States (all but five of the states), Canada, Mexico, Central America, and in South America as far south as Peru
Red Brocket Deer	Mazama americana	is a species of brocket deer from forests in South America
Dwarf Brocket	Mazama chunyi	It is a species of even-toed ungulate in the Cervidae family. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
Red Dwarf Brocket	Mazama rufina	Small, little-studied deer native to the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru
North Andean Deer -	Hippocamelus antisensis	the deer family. It comprises two endangered Andean species, commonly known as Huemul (from Mapudungun), and Taruca.	Declining
Amazon Manatee	Trichechus inunguis	The Amazonian manatee ranges throughout the Amazon River Basin of northern South America.	Vulnerable

 

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Interesting facts and statistics regarding Peru’s megadiversity.

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